How to Fix LazyInitializationException in Spring Boot + JPA - Causes and Solutions for "could not initialize proxy - no Session"
Solve the LazyInitializationException (could not initialize proxy - no Session) that crashes the moment you access a lazily-loaded association in Spring Data JPA, working backwards from how Hibernate sessions and transaction boundaries operate. Compares the four proper approaches—JOIN FETCH, @EntityGraph, DTO projection, and @Transactional—and provides criteria for making decisions without resorting to open-in-view=true or switching to EAGER.